We, the undersigned former political prisoners, affirm and support Dr Poh Soo Kai’s statement below. We ask for an apology from the People’s Action Party (PAP) government and reparation, whether symbolic or substantive, for physical and psychological mistreatment, and consequential deprivation of livelihood suffered by some of us during and after our imprisonment without trial under the Internal Security Act (ISA).
The ISA has to be abolished. It has been used by the PAP government repeatedly against those it feared would be threats to its power.
The ISA has done tremendous damage to us, our families and the people of Singapore.
DR POH SOO KAI’S STATEMENT
Sixty years ago, on 2 February 1963, I was imprisoned without trial along with over a hundred others. I was then the Assistant Secretary General of the Barisan Sosialis. I am now 91 years old and am one of about 50 survivors of Operation Coldstore alive today. In 1963, most of us were in our youthful twenties.
The PAP government has been relentless in using the ISA, arresting and imprisoning people without trial.
Those of us who refused to sign “confessions” were imprisoned indefinitely, some for almost two decades. Dr Chia Thye Poh, then an elected Member of Parliament, was arrested at age 25 and imprisoned for 23 years; for nine more years he was forced to live with severe restrictions – three years confined to Sentosa Island and six years within the limits of Singapore.
Today, I demand accountability for myself and all political prisoners, so that Singaporeans can understand the roots of our draconian political system. The PAP has been the only ruling party in Singapore since 1959. Its younger members may not be fully aware of how their party managed to defeat its political opponents and critics so thoroughly. It is time they know the party’s history.
On 19 September 2011, 16 ISA survivors signed a statement calling for the Singapore government to abolish the ISA when the Malaysian government announced that it would repeal their ISA.
The Ministry of Home Affairs responded that the signatories were involved in “subversive activities which posed a threat to national security” and that they were not detained for their political beliefs but were “actively involved in Communist United Front activities in support of the Communist Party of Malaya (CPM), which was committed to the violent overthrow of the constitutionally-elected governments in Singapore and Malaysia”.1
I CATEGORICALLY REJECT such spurious and unsubstantiated allegations and fabricated charges. The PAP government has continued to repeat such lies for 60 years.
I CHALLENGE the PAP government to produce evidence to substantiate their allegations against me.
I STRONGLY MAINTAIN that I was arrested under Operation Coldstore because of my political beliefs, which were based on the anticolonial and pro-working-class manifesto and constitution of the PAP when it was formed. I was one of its founding members.
Operation Coldstore was about Lee Kuan Yew, the compliant successor of the British colonialists, needing to keep his position as prime minister.
An account of the key political events in the 1960s will bear this out.
The people of Singapore were anticolonial. They were against the Lim Yew Hock government for arresting innocent students and trade union leaders in 1956. I now know from de-classified archival documents that Lee Kuan Yew was secretly plotting those arrests with Lim Yew Hock to win over the British, who wanted to retain her military base in Singapore.
The PAP had a landslide victory in the 1959 general election. There was no political crisis or instability in the country in its initial years as government. Once in government, Lee collaborated with the British who pressed him to act against the left faction of the PAP led by Lim Chin Siong.
Instability emerged within the PAP itself when Lee expelled his rival Ong Eng Guan. Ong defended and retained his seat convincingly as an independent in the Hong Lim by-election of April 1961. He had campaigned on the platform of keeping the PAP government true to its election pledges, including freeing prisoners held without trial by Lim Yew Hock.
From the Hong Lim by-election, the British realised with alarm that the PAP was no longer the force it was when it came into power in June 1959, and that the electorate had a mind of its own.
In July 1961, the PAP lost the Anson by-election in the face of the same demand to free those imprisoned without trial. When the seat of Sembawang became vacant not long after, Lee (having lost two by-elections) did not dare to face another by-election.
The British threw Lee Kuan Yew a “lifeline”, as they put it. They gave Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman the merger deal of a Malaysia which included British North Borneo and Sarawak and which put Singapore’s internal security in the Tunku’s hand. Lee relentlessly called the PAP left “communists” and expelled them when they refused to give him complete control to decide on the terms for merger. The expelled PAP left-wing formed the Barisan Sosialis which was then the strongest political force in Singapore. But Operation Coldstore totally decimated them.
Operation Coldstore was ordered by the British, Singapore and Federation of Malaya members of the Internal Security Council to overcome the challenge from the Barisan Sosialis. Nine out of the 16 Central Working Committee members led by Lim Chin Siong were arrested and imprisoned. Their imprisonment eliminated the Barisan’s top echelon from the September 1963 general election, giving the PAP a clear win. Despite that, the government almost immediately ordered another wave of arrests, including of another three members of the Barisan Central Working Committee who were successful in the general election.
Separation took place less than two years after merger, and the ISA continued to be the instrument used to suppress political activities which were constitutional but which the government labelled “subversive”, without needing to provide evidence. I remained in prison at the pleasure of the PAP government even when Barisan’s objections to the terms of merger were shown to be valid.
After 60 years, the PAP government should go beyond just repeating unsubstantiated allegations. It should provide evidence to support the justifications they gave for launching Operation Coldstore.
The 2011 Ministry of Home Affairs’ statement repeated the lies that Barisan Sosialis was ready to join forces with “groups resorting to violence and bloodshed as in the Brunei revolt” and that national defence and Singapore’s security were jeopardised.
Nothing can be further from the truth. What Barisan Sosialis did was no more than issue a statement of moral support for the Brunei revolt of December 1962. It was a statement of solidarity with all colonies rising to overthrow colonial rule. As the PAP government well knew, Barisan Sosialis did not possess or supply any weapon to the Brunei People’s Party led by A. M. Azahari who had won the election but was denied the right to govern Brunei.
The 2011 Ministry of Home Affairs statement also mentioned that one of the signatories had given medical aid to a CPM saboteur. While the person was not named officially, I believe it was a reference to me.
I was arrested for a second time in June 1976. A month earlier, the Dutch Labour Party had tabled a memorandum to expel the PAP at the Socialist International meeting. My speeches highlighting the prolonged imprisonment without trial in Singapore were cited.
However, no mention was made of the Socialist International memorandum as reasons for my arrest. Instead the government alleged that in December 1974 I had given medicine for an injured bomber who had intended to assassinate the managing director of the Nanyang Shoe Factory.
The person who came to my clinic made a televised “confession” that he had passed on medicines from me to his injured comrade. At the same time, the ISD said to me that their raid of my clinic showed that I had given him medication for his sore throat and that my records were in order. They were showing me that they were free to make false accusations and I was in no position to stop them.
Then in 1977, I was alleged to have also treated the other injured bomber hiding in Masai, Johor. My wife, a nurse was alleged to have accompanied me there.
This “Masai incident” was a total fabrication. I only found out about this alleged incident later. “Masai” was never mentioned in my prison interrogations.
I have categorically denied and rebutted these allegations for the last ten years and more. I have done this in my speeches and writings, and whenever the authorities repeated the lie.
Operation Coldstore carried out on 2 February 1963 was the start of the pernicious use of state power by the PAP government to imprison political opponents without trial and for as long as it chooses.
ON THIS THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF OPERATION COLDSTORE, THE UNDERSIGNED FORMER ISA PRISONERS AND I ARE PUTTING ON RECORD THAT WE DEMAND:
1. The immediate abolition of the ISA;
2. An apology from the PAP government to rectify the grievous crimes it had committed against us; and
3. Compensation for us, former political prisoners and the families of those who are deceased.
We ask this as a matter of right, as survivors of the most serious and baseless allegations which the PAP government has chosen to ignore.
Dated this 2 February 2023
Dr Poh Soo Kai 傅树介医生 (arrested on 02.02.1963, 04.06.1976)
Signatories
Name and Date of Arrest
| 1 Mavis Puthucheary wife of James Joseph Puthucheary | 普都遮⾥ | 1956, 1963 ^ |
| 2 Otto Fong son of Fong Swee Suan | ⽅⽔双 | 1956, 1963 |
| 3 Ng Beng Tee | 黄明治 | 1956 |
| 4 Otto Fong son of Chan Lai Ying | 陈丽英 | 1956 |
| 5 Tee Hong Seng | 池⽅盛 | 1957 |
| 6 Tan Kok Fang | 陈国防 | 1957, 1963 |
| 7 Roesman bin Mohd Said son of Said Zahari | 塞.查哈利 | 1963 |
| 8 Liew Lai See wife of Hoe Cheok Wah | 何卓华 | 1963 # |
| 9 Rose Tan wife of Tan Jing Quee | 陈仁贵 | 1963, 1977 |
| 10 Lee Soon Huat | 李顺发 | 1963 |
| 11 Wee Toon Lip | 黄循⽴ | 1963 |
| 12 Iqbal Ghouse son of Salahuddin Ghouse | ⾼式 | 1963 |
| 13 Chen Yutao wife of Kang Hoon Lim | 江云林 | 1963 |
| 14 Haw Thar Heong | 陶祚强 | 1963 |
| 15 Lee Tee Tong | 李诗东/思东 | 1963 |
| 16 Michael Fernandez | 费南德 | 1964, 1977 |
| 17 Lim Yew Beng | 林耀明 | 1964 |
| 18 Chiew Kam Chow | 赵⽢照 | 1965 |
| 19 Tan Muihua | 陈美和 | 1966 |
| 20 Chong Ming Kee | 钟明记 | 1966 |
| 21 Tan Gim Joo | 陈锦福 | 1966 |
| 22 Fu Yang Yeow | 傅仰曜 | 1966 |
| 23 Lan Ah Lek | 林亚礼 | 1966 |
| 24 Toh Ching Kee | 卓清枝 | 1967 |
| 25 Liu Li Ying | 刘丽英 | 1967 |
| 26 Tan Seng Lee | 陈静坤 | 1969 |
| 27 Wee Bee Kwee | 黄⽶贵 | 1970 |
| 28 Chng Min Oh @ Zhuang Ming Hu | 庄明湖 | 1970 |
| 29 Tan Sin @ Tan Seng Hin | 陈成兴 | 1970 |
| 30 Goh Peng Wah | 吴平华 | 1970 |
| 31 Kee Ai Tee wife of Tan Kim Sew | 陈⾦寿 | 1970 |
| 32 Chwa Seh Kea | 蔡世居 | 1970 |
| 33 Sim Teong Hiok | 沈仲叶 | 1970 |
| 34 Toh Siew Tin | 卓秀珍 | 1970 |
| 35 Ngoh Teck Nam | 伍德南 | 1974, 1977 |
| 36 Tan Suan Poh | 陈川波 | 1974 |
| 37 Tan Gim Seng | 陈锦新 | 1974 |
| 38 Oh Soon Loo | 胡顺裕 | 1974 |
| 39 Ho Chin Huat | 何进发 | 1975 |
| 40 Lee Wan Ning | 李菀宁 | 1975 |
| 41 Ong Sooi Eng | 王瑞荣 | 1975 |
| 42 Oh Teng Aik | 胡丁海 | 1976 |
| 43 Teng Ah Boo | 邓银岗 | 1976 |
| 44 Tan Ping Wee | 陈兴娓 | 1976 |
| 45 Chew Thiam Pow | 周添宝 | 1976 |
| 46 Mok Kwong Yue | 莫光裕 | 1977 |
| 47 Chua Chap Jee | 蔡奕志 | 1977 |
| 48 Koh Kay Yew | 许赓猷 | 1977 |
| 49 Pang Thu Sing | 彭杜⽣ | 1977 |
| 50 Lim Pai | 林沛 | 1979 |
| 51 Ting Moi King | 陈妹⾦ | 1980 |
| 52 Vincent Cheng Kim Chuan | 钟⾦全 | 1987 |
| 53 William Yap Hon Ngian | 叶汉源 | 1987, 1988 |
| 54 Teo Soh Lung | 张素兰 | 1987, 1988 |
| 55 Tan Tee Seng | 陈智成 | 1987 |
| 56 Low Yit Leng | 刘⽉玲 | 1987 |
| 57 Wong Souk Yee | 黄淑仪 | 1987, 1988 |
| 58 Chng Suan Tze | 庄瑄芝 | 1987, 1988 |
| 59 Tang Fong Har | 陈凤霞 | 1987 |
| 60 Chew Kheng Chuan | 周庆全 | 1987, 1988 |
^ Arrested in 1951 under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance, 1948
# Arrested in 1950 under the Emergency Regulations Ordinance, 1948
Function 8 